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Preamble
The transmission grids, in modern power
systems, are being operated under heavily stressed conditions due to
rapid growth in demand and competitive energy market scenario. The
operating conditions in a power system change continuously. The system
topology also may change frequently. A real-time monitoring system is,
therefore, needed to operate and control the power system, while
ensuring its stability, security, and reliability.
The conventional
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system based monitoring
system cannot track real-time changes in the power system because of its
slow refresh rate and asynchronous nature of the measurements. Phasor
Measurement Units (PMUs) alleviate this problem by rendering
synchronized voltage and current phasor measurements or synchrophasors
at a very fast rate. This synchronized measurement technology based Wide
Area Monitoring and Control System (WAMCS) is, therefore, being
envisaged to become the backbone of the so-called ‘smart grid’ in near
future at transmission and generation level. |
